The second method is stool construction, pictured in Figure 1.44. The rails are jointed to the legs with strong mortise and tenon joints. The mortises meet in the thickness of the leg, thus giving the mitered tenons maximum length. Doweling is the alternate method employed in much fine furniture, though it is not as strong as tenons are. Stools, chair frames, and table frames are of this form of construction with the main corner posts continued to the top. The third form, frame construction, illustrated in Figure 1.45, was evolved to avoid the bad effects of shrinkage. When the framing shown in Figure 1.45A is filled a wood panel, the panel is inserted into grooves or rabbets without glui This permits it to shrink without affecting the framework. A wide frame can Fig. 1.44. Fig. 1.45. 44 . reinforced as shown in Figure 1.45B. When applied to the fmmework of cabinet C, this method of construction in reality consists of joining two side frames together by front and side rails in mortiseandtenon joints. Such a cabinet will not shrink from front to back. To a great extent plywood has modified the necessity of compensating for shrinkage and swelling in large surfaces. However, when solid stock is used, precautions must be taken to prevent damage to the finished product. In addition to designing and assembling a piece so that the grain of the parts lies in the same plane, narrow widths should always be used in preference to wide material. This procedure is based on the recognized principle that shrinkage, in general, is proportional to width. Hence, glued up members, when properly assembled with alternating heart and sap pieces, will exhibit considerably less shrinkage than single wide boards. Average Dimensions of Typical Furniture Width, in Depth, in Height, in Type Description inches inches inches Bed Twin 39 72+ 1924 Bedside table One or two drawer IS 19 27 Butterfly table Each leaf ioj4 in. 34 34 24 Chair, dining or side Back 34in. high Seat front 17И' 16 18 back 14J2 Chest, linen Cedarlined 18Й 45 23 Chest of drawers Four drawers 40 20 37 Coffee table Rectangular 18 26 18 Console Halfround top 32 16 30 Corner cupboard Colonial 33 - 72 or more Desk, kneehole Leg space 20 in. X 24 in. 24 44 29 Dining table Seats six 36 52 29 Dressing table With mirror, 1 to 3 20 36 30 drawers End table Rectangular Ч 21 24 Floor lamp 3 legs, table shelf 18 18 5° Gateleg table (oval) Center з>2 in. wide, 28 32 29 each leaf 12J4 in. Lamp table Round or octagonal top 18 18 27 Magazine rack Floor 12 18 1&У2 Pembroke table Center 15 in. wide, 30 IS 26 each leaf 7У2 in. Sideboard Georgian 72 22 38 Stool Early American 14 20 15 Tilttop table ; Round top 26 26 28 Writing table One drawer 26 60 2S CABINETMAKING Another cabinetmakers' device to reduce the deadly enemy of change in wood fibers is the sliding joint. The unglued plywood panel housed in its dac in the surrounding rails is a good example.