If a handrail bolt is not available, a Ion; carriage bolt may be used, and the hole drilled completely through the post. Th outer part of the bolt hole in the post should be chiseled square to hold the squan shank firmly at the head end. If it is desired to conceal the bolthead it can b< countersunk and plugged. Metal rosettes are sometimes used to embellish ar exposed bolthead, if desired. The notched nut is driven home by means of a nailset, or similar tool. Service Height. Our servantless homes have caused thoughtful research into the minutiae of drudgery by the home economics departments of universities, high schools, and associations. One of these investigating agencies is the Pratt Institute of New York City, which has made, among other studies, exhaustive ones of the fatigue factors encountered in bedmaking. Not only was it discovered that today's smaller bedrooms have more or less conventionalized the placement of beds with one side against a wall, but the socalled "Hollywood" bed influence has resulted in a much lower couchlike effect, which in turn is producing definite repercussions in the sacroiliacs of the bedmakers. To point up the results of their factfinding experiments the following figures are quoted. With the average bed 19 in. high, placed with three of its sides open to the room, the bedmakers moved around the bed in an efficient, clockwise procedure which succeeded in producing an acceptably madeup bed with mitercornered sheets, blankets, and blanket cover in four minutes and fiftythree seconds, with what they termed seventyfive "heavy gestures" and one hundred four "light" ones. To make up the same bed (open at three sides) 24У2 in. high, the investigators recorded only fiftyfive heavy gestures and one hundred sixteen light ones; (the time was not given). Although new springs and mattresses average about 6 in. in thickness, if only 4 in. is allowed for each, it will be found that the beds described in this section are dimensioned to a 21in. height. With new springs, mattresses, and pads, this height will probably exceed the 2 ft. preferred by the researchers. Il8 . Fig. 2.55. Doubledecker bunkbeds. DoubleDecker BunkBeds. As a space saver a bunkbed unit (Figure 2.55) is ideal for the younger children. Of simple design, it can be parted, in later years, into separate, twinsize beds. When used as a doubledecker, the lower bunk is assembled from the head ends and the upper bunk from the foot ends. The two units are built to house a standard 39 in. X 72 in. cable or link spring. If these are not available, rope springs can be woven by lacing the rope into 5in. squares through holes in the sides and ends of a firmly constructed, separate wooden frame. Although this will sag in time, it will satisfactorily bear the weight of small children. The posts, rails, head, and footboards when cut according to the dimensions in Figure 2.55 can be assembled into two beds which will fit standard twinbed springs 39 in.